单元测验3

1、单选题：
‍The enzyme required for the reverse reaction catalyzed by hexokinase is‍‍‍
选项：
A: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
B: glucose- 6-phosphatase
C: phosphofructokinase-1
D: phosphohexose isomerase
E: pyruvate kinase
答案: 【 glucose- 6-phosphatase】

2、单选题：
‌Under anaerobic condition, the metabolic fate of NADH + H+ generated in glycolysis pathway is‏‌‏
选项：
A: Reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
B: To be oxidized via respiratory chain to supply energy
C: Reduce pyruvate to lactate
D: Used to break down fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
E: Used for biosynthesis of fatty acids
答案: 【 Reduce pyruvate to lactate】

3、单选题：
‌The end product of aerobic oxidation of glucose is‌‌‌
选项：
A: CO2+H2O+ATP
B: lactate
C: pyruvate
D: acetyl CoA
E: citrate
答案: 【 CO2+H2O+ATP】

4、单选题：
‍The biochemical mechanism of hemolytic anemia caused by deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is‌‍‌
选项：
A: Inhibition of pentose phosphate pathway results in deficiency of phosphopentose.
B: Deficiency of NADPH+H+ results in low level of GSH in RBC.
C: Metabolic disorder of glycolysis pathway results in energy deficiency.
D: Disorder of hemoglobin synthesis
E: None of the above
答案: 【 Deficiency of NADPH+H+ results in low level of GSH in RBC.】

5、单选题：
Under resting state, most of the blood glucose can be used by the following tissue/organ‏​‏
选项：
A: liver
B: brain
C: kidney
D: fat
E: muscle
答案: 【 brain】

6、单选题：
‌The energy in mature red blood cells come from​‌​
选项：
A: aerobic oxidation of glucose
B: glycogen degradation
C: pentose phosphate pathway
D: glycolysis
E: gluconeogenesis
答案: 【 glycolysis】

7、单选题：
‏The false statement about the citric acid cycle is​‏​
选项：
A: Decarboxylation occurs twice per cycle.
B: One molecule of acetyl CoA is oxidized in each cycle.
C: The complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA produces 10 molecules of ATP.
D: 4 NADH+H+are produced per cycle.
E: Acetyl CoA is first condensed with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
答案: 【 4 NADH+H+are produced per cycle.】

8、单选题：
‌The product(s) of acetyl CoA oxidized by citric acid cycle is/are‍
选项：
A: citric acid
B: oxaloacetic acid
C: CO2 and H2O
D: oxaloacetic acid and CO2
E: CO2 and 4 reduction equivalents
答案: 【 CO2 and 4 reduction equivalents】

9、单选题：
‏The deficient enzyme in patients with hemolytic jaundice caused by eating fresh broad beans is‍‏‍
选项：
A: 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
B: isocitrate dehydrogenase
C: succinate dehydrogenase
D: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
E: gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
答案: 【 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase】

10、单选题：
‌Which of the following description about glycogen phosphorylase is false‎
选项：
A: It is the key enzyme for glycogen decomposition.
B: There are two forms including phosphorylase a and phosphorylase b.
C: Phosphorylase a is inactive form.
D: Enzyme activity is regulated by hormones.
E: Phosphorylase b is activated by phosphorylase kinase.
答案: 【 Phosphorylase a is inactive form.】

11、单选题：
‎The end product of anaerobic glycolysis in human cells is‏‎‏
选项：
A: acetone 丙酮
B: lactic acid 乳酸
C: propionic acid 丙酸
D: pyruvic acid 丙酮酸
E: ethanol 乙醇
答案: 【 lactic acid 乳酸】

12、单选题：
‎​‎The most important key enzyme that regulates the glycolysis is​‎​‎​
选项：
A: Glucose kinase
B: Phosphofructokinase-1
C: Pyruvate kinase
D: Phosphoglycerate kinase
E: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
答案: 【 Phosphofructokinase-1】

13、单选题：
‍The reason why muscle glycogen breakdown cannot directly replenish blood glucose is‏‍‏
选项：
A: lack of glucose-6-phosphatase
B: lack of phosphorylase
C: lack of debranching enzyme
D: lack of hexokinase
E: low contents of muscle glycogen
答案: 【 lack of glucose-6-phosphatase】

14、单选题：
‏The hormone that inhibit gluconeogenesis is​‏​
选项：
A: growth hormone
B: insulin
C: epinephrine 肾上腺素
D: glucagon
E: glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素
答案: 【 insulin】

15、单选题：
‎The high energy compound directly generated by substrate level phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is‎‎‎
选项：
A: ATP
B: CTP
C: GTP
D: TTP
E: UTP
答案: 【 GTP】

16、单选题：
‌The citric acid cycle occurs in‍‌‍
选项：
A: Mitochondria
B: Nucleus
C: Endoplasmic reticulum (内质网)
D: Cytoplasm
E: Golgi body
答案: 【 Mitochondria】

17、多选题：
‌Cofactors of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex include‏‌‏
选项：
A: NAD+
B: CoASH
C: TPP
D: FAD
E: FMN
答案: 【 NAD+;
CoASH;
TPP;
FAD】

18、多选题：
The correct descriptions about glycogen synthase are​‌​
选项：
A: It is the key enzyme for glycogen synthesis.
B: There are two forms: phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
C: The phosphorylation form is inactive.
D: Glycogen synthase is activated by protein kinase A.
E: Enzyme activity is regulated by hormones.
答案: 【 It is the key enzyme for glycogen synthesis.;
There are two forms: phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.;
The phosphorylation form is inactive.;
Enzyme activity is regulated by hormones.】

19、多选题：
‎The raw materials for gluconeogenesis include‍‎‍
选项：
A: pyruvate
B: some amino acids
C: lactate
D: glycerol
E: acetyl CoA
答案: 【 pyruvate;
some amino acids;
lactate;
glycerol】

20、多选题：
‎During starvation, which of the following pathways have increased enzyme activity in liver‎‎‎
选项：
A: glycogen decomposition
B: pentose phosphate pathway
C: fat synthesis
D: gluconeogenic pathway
E: glycolytic pathway
答案: 【 glycogen decomposition;
gluconeogenic pathway】

21、多选题：
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency or dysfunction. The metabolic characteristics of diabetes include​‍​
选项：
A: Acceleration of gluconeogenesis
B: Reduction of glucose uptake by tissue cells
C: Enhancement of lipolysis（脂肪分解）
D: Reduction of liver glycogen synthesis
E: Acceleration of glucose oxidation
答案: 【 Acceleration of gluconeogenesis;
Reduction of glucose uptake by tissue cells;
Enhancement of lipolysis（脂肪分解）;
Reduction of liver glycogen synthesis】

22、多选题：
‎Under starvation (饥饿), liver involves in regulation of blood glucose mainly through‍‎‍
选项：
A: glycolysis
B: aerobic oxidation of glucose
C: gluconeogenesis
D: glycogen degradation
E: pentose phosphate pathway
答案: 【 gluconeogenesis;
glycogen degradation】

23、多选题：
‍The important products generated by pentose phosphate pathway are‍‍‍
选项：
A: NADH
B: NADPH
C: fructose-6-phosphate
D: glucose-6-phosphate
E: ribose -5- phosphate
答案: 【 NADPH;
ribose -5- phosphate】

24、多选题：
‎The key enzymes in citric acid cycle include‎‎‎
选项：
A: fumarase
B: isocitrate dehydrogenase
C: malate dehydrogenase
D: α – ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
E: citrate synthase
答案: 【 isocitrate dehydrogenase;
α – ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex;
citrate synthase】

25、多选题：
The metabolic fates that G-6-P involve in include​‌​
选项：
A: Glycolysis
B: Pentose phosphate pathway
C: Glycogen synthesis
D: gluconeogenesis
E: Citric acid cycle
答案: 【 Glycolysis;
Pentose phosphate pathway;
Glycogen synthesis;
gluconeogenesis】

26、多选题：
‍The enzymes that catalyze the irreversible reactions of the citric acid cycle are‎‍‎
选项：
A: α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
B: Citrate synthase
C: Isocitrate dehydrogenase
D: Malate dehydrogenase
E: Succinate dehydrogenase
答案: 【 α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex;
Citrate synthase;
Isocitrate dehydrogenase】

27、多选题：
​The enzymes required for hepatic glycogenolysis include​​​
选项：
A: Phosphorylase
B: Debranching enzyme
C: Branching enzyme
D: Glucose kinase
E: Glucose-6-phosphatase
答案: 【 Phosphorylase;
Debranching enzyme;
Glucose-6-phosphatase】

28、多选题：
‎The physiological significances of the lactate cycle include‎‎‎
选项：
A:  Avoid fuel waste
B: Prevent lactate accumulation
C: Provide blood glucose
D: Avoid lactate acidosis
E: Promote gluconeogenesis
答案: 【  Avoid fuel waste;
Prevent lactate accumulation;
Provide blood glucose;
Avoid lactate acidosis;
Promote gluconeogenesis】

练习题

1、多选题：
Under starvation(饥饿), liver involves in regulation of blood glucose mainly through‏‍‏
选项：
A: glycolysis
B: gluconeogenesis
C: glycogen degradation
D: pentose phosphate pathway
答案: 【 gluconeogenesis;
glycogen degradation】

单元测验4

1、单选题：
‎The statement about monooxygenase, which one is incorrect?‌‎‌
选项：
A: Also known as hydroxylase
B: The reaction requires cytochrome P450
C: NADPH-CytP450 reductase is involved in electron transfer
D: H2O2 is one of products
E: Related to the biological transformation of drugs and poisons
答案: 【 H2O2 is one of products】

2、单选题：
​The molecule at the center of energy production and utilization in human body is‏​‏
选项：
A: Glucose
B: Fatty acids
C: Creatine phosphate
D: ATP
E: GTP
答案: 【 ATP】

3、单选题：
‏The main storage form of high energy phosphate bond in muscle cell is‏‏‏
选项：
A: ATP
B: GTP
C: UTP
D: CTP
E: Creatine phosphate
答案: 【 Creatine phosphate】

4、单选题：
‏The main way of ATP production in the body is‌‏‌
选项：
A: Citric acid cycle
B: Glycogen decomposition
C: Substrate level phosphorylation
D: Creatine phosphate breakdown
E: Oxidative phosphorylation
答案: 【 Oxidative phosphorylation】

5、单选题：
‎The oxidative respiratory chain of eukaryotic cells exists in the‍‎‍
选项：
A: Cell membrane
B: Cytoplasm
C: Nucleus
D: Mitochondria
E: Peroxisome
答案: 【 Mitochondria】

6、单选题：
‌The description about respiratory chain, which one is correct?‏‌‏
选项：
A: The electron transfer direction of respiratory chain flows from high potential to low potential components.
B: The most common respiratory chain in the body is the NADH oxidation respiratory chain.
C: Each pair of hydrogen atoms is oxidized through the respiratory chain to form three molecules of ATP.
D: The electron transfer of respiratory chain is also interrupted if oxidation and phosphorylation  are uncoupled.
E: Each component of respiratory chain exists in the inner membrane of mitochondria and constitutes four respiratory chain complexes.
答案: 【 The most common respiratory chain in the body is the NADH oxidation respiratory chain.】

7、单选题：
Which one of the followings is not the component of mitochondrial respiratory chain ?‍‏‍
选项：
A: FAD
B: FMN
C: CoQ
D: NADP+
E: Cyt