Chapter10HazardousSubstances,ActivitiesandWaste

1、单选题：
‏The international regulation of radioactive substances       with the establishment in 1955 by the UN General Assembly of the Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), followed by the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency.‌
选项：
A: commenced
B: accorded
C: applied
D: provided
答案: 【 commenced】

2、单选题：
‌The 1996 Directive is aimed at      major accidents which involve dangerous substances and the limitation of their consequences for man and the environment.‏
选项：
A: providing
B: preventing
C: involving
D:  including 
答案: 【 preventing】

3、单选题：
‌Non-renewable sources remain essentially       at the international level and beyond the scope of a concerted or coherent international regulatory regime.‍
选项：
A: undamaged 
B: controlled
C: standarded
D: unregulated
答案: 【 unregulated】

4、单选题：
​The Convention      to industrial accidents from activities involving hazardous substances, including categories of substances and preparations and named substances which are set out in Annex I.‌
选项：
A: plans
B: aims
C: applies
D: intends
答案: 【 applies】

5、单选题：
‏The         of fossil fuels, with its by-product of waste gases, has been the subject of a number of treaties and acts of international institutions.‌
选项：
A: production
B:  incineration 
C: objection
D: subjection
答案: 【  incineration 】

6、单选题：
‌The EC law requires member states to encourage the       of wastes, including hazardous and toxic wastes, by means of recycling, reuse or reclamation or other processes to extract secondary raw materials and to use waste as a source of energy.‎
选项：
A: recovery
B: reduce
C: increase
D: conservation 
答案: 【 recovery】

7、判断题：
​The 1990 Convention Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work requires states to establish systems and criteria for the classfication of chemicals according to the type of hazards , in accordance with national or international systems.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
‌The impact of agriculture on the environment is not well documented.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

9、判断题：
‎The EC law has not established a system of notification and information for imports from and export to third countries of certain chemicals.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
‎The 1996 Directive has a more extensive application, for the lower thresholds it applies and it provides more detailed obligations in relation to the prevention of accidents and the provision of information after they have occurred. ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Chapter11Greentrade,FinancialResourcesandTechnology

1、单选题：
‎Agreements for the protection of wildlife usually make use of ____on export or import between parties.​
选项：
A: restrictions
B: penalties
C:  barriers  
D: regulations
答案: 【 restrictions】

2、单选题：
‎.For environmental regulations which may be technical barriers to trade, the TBT Agreement adopts the principles of national ____and non-discrimination.​
选项：
A: treatment
B: treasure
C: conversation
D: establishment
答案: 【 treatment】

3、单选题：
3. The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)____a free trade area between the parties in accordance with Article XXIV of the GATT, and is intended to establish principles and rules.​‏​
选项：
A: disposes
B: divides
C: establishes
D: restrictions
答案: 【 establishes】

4、单选题：
‎In fact, the provision of international financial resources___ to international environmental protection goals.​
选项：
A: dedicated 
B: decided 
C: linked
D: granted
答案: 【 dedicated 】

5、单选题：
‏The 1992 Biodiversity Convention establishes a range of provisions which will go some way to___, but still not actually requiring, the transfer of technology. ‍
选项：
A:  arising
B: encouraging 
C:  imposing 
D: funding
答案: 【 encouraging 】

6、单选题：
‎The 1973 European Patent Convention provides that European patents will not be___ for inventions the publication or exploitation of which would be contrary to public or morality.‎
选项：
A: encouraged
B: dedicated
C: applied
D: granted
答案: 【 granted】

7、判断题：
‏Agreements to protect wildlife is one of the environmental objectives addressed by trade regulations . ‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
‎The use of trade sanctions to implement international environmental obligations may not raises conflicts between obligations under environmental agreements and those under free trade agreements.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

9、判断题：
‌The WTO replaces the former GATT Council as ‘the common institutional framework’ for the conduct of trade relations among its Members in matters related to the agreements and associated legal instruments included in the Annexes to the WTO Agreement.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

10、判断题：
‍The main objectives of Technical barriers to trade is ensure that technical regulations and standards, are easily adopted or applied so as to create unnecessary obstacles to trade.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Chapter12LiabilityforEnvironmentalDamage

1、单选题：
​The purpose of liability rules may impose____ for wrongful conduct or to restore a given environmental asset to its pre-damage condition.‌
选项：
A: sanctions
B: threshold
C: breach
D: responsibility
答案: 【 sanctions】

2、单选题：
‌The state liability for environmental damage is premised upon a ____ of an international legal obligation established by treaty, or by a rule of customary international law, or possibly under general principles of international law.‍
选项：
A: sanction
B: breach 
C: subject
D: refrain
答案: 【 breach 】

3、单选题：
‍For present purposes, the most pertinent international obligation is that requiring a state to prevent particular environmental harm, or to____from carrying out or permitting activities which could lead to environmental damage.‍
选项：
A: refrain
B: breach
C: encourage
D: relief
答案: 【 refrain】

4、单选题：
‎Not all environmental damages result in state liability. There are no agreed international standards which establish a____for state liability of environmental damages. ‏
选项：
A: breach 
B: sanction
C: rule
D: threshold
答案: 【 threshold】

5、单选题：
‌The 1992 Fund Convention, which establishes an International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund), has as its__________ to provide compensation for pollution damage which is inadequately compensated by the 1992 CLC.‍
选项：
A: objective
B: subjective
C: effective
D: respective
答案: 【 objective】

6、单选题：
​The approach taken by some of the civil liability__________may also provide useful analogies in relation to state liability.​
选项：
A: precedents 
B: provisions
C: proceeds
D: subjects
答案: 【 precedents 】

7、判断题：
‌Liability rules serve a variety of purposes only at the international level.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

8、判断题：
‍The Council of Europe hasn’t recently adopted a convention which takes this approach, and rules which would be of relatively generalised application to hazardous activities are being considered by the EC and the ECE.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

9、判断题：
‎A growing number of treaties establish rules on civil liability for environmental or related damage, although several are not yet in force, and some will probably never enter into force.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

10、判断题：
‏All environmental damages result in state liability. There are international standards which establish a threshold for state liability of environmental damages.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Chapter13ImplementationandDisputeSettlemen

1、单选题：
​They refer to the need to ensure that parties resort to negotiation and other  ____channels to resolve their disputes before making use of other more formal methods.‎
选项：
A: diplomatic
B: international
C: legislative
D: illegal
答案: 【 diplomatic】

2、单选题：
‍The Secretariat may be____by the Council to prepare a ‘factual record’ which may be made public by the Council. ‌
选项：
A: indicate