第一章测验

1、单选题：
‏Which of the following options does not meet the characteristics of soil microorganisms ?‏
选项：
A: High quantity
B: Participate in nutrient cycling
C: With environmental purification function
D: Low diversity
答案: 【 Low diversity】

2、单选题：
‍What is the most important way to remove toxic organic compounds completely from soil ?​
选项：
A: Volatilization
B: Leaching
C: Adsorption
D: Biochemical degradation
答案: 【 Biochemical degradation】

3、单选题：
‍The reason for the decrease of soil biodiversity is _.‌
选项：
A: Environmental pollution
B: Land use change
C: Climate change
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】

4、单选题：
‌What are the core research scopes of soil biology and biochemistry ? ‍
选项：
A: The biota, diversity, activity and function of the soil
B: The biochemical process of the elements and pollutants driven by microorganisms in the soil
C: The interaction between microorganisms and plants 
D: All the above
答案: 【 All the above】

5、单选题：
‍The root microbiome includes microorganisms in _.‍
选项：
A: Non-rhizosphere soil, Rhizosphere soil, Rhizoplane     
B: Rhizosphere soil, Rhizoplane, Endosphere 
C: Non-rhizosphere soil, Rhizosphere soil, Endosphere
D: Non-rhizosphere soil, Rhizosphere soil, Rhizoplane, Endosphere
答案: 【 Non-rhizosphere soil, Rhizosphere soil, Rhizoplane, Endosphere】

6、单选题：
‌What are the major threats to ecosystem function ?‍
选项：
A: Global warming  
B: Environmental pollution  
C:  Loss of species diversity
D:  All the above
答案: 【  All the above】

7、单选题：
‎What is the most direct manifestation regarding interaction of soil microorganisms and plants at the root-soil interface ? ‍
选项：
A: The root microbiome
B: Nematode 
C: Earthworm 
D: All the above
答案: 【 The root microbiome】

8、判断题：
‏Soil animals are the engine that drives the biogeochemical cycles of the earth’s critical zone. ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

9、判断题：
‎Functional redundancy can make up for the impact of biodiversity reduction on ecosystem functions. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

10、判断题：
‌The synchrotron radiation source is a continuous spectrum ranging from far infrared to X-ray, with high intensity and high precision.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

第二章测验

1、单选题：
‍Which of the following is not an indicator of the diversity of soil organisms ?‌
选项：
A: Species richness
B: Individual number 
C: Biomass  
D: Individual size
答案: 【 Individual size】

2、单选题：
‏Microorganisms that are symbiotic with legumes for nitrogen fixation are _.‎
选项：
A: Pseudomonas 
B: Rhizobium 
C: Azotobacteria 
D: Cyanobacteria
答案: 【 Rhizobium 】

3、单选题：
‌Which of the following microbes is not prey of the protozoa is _.‌‌‌
选项：
A: Bacteria    
B: Actinospore 
C: Hyphae  
D: Fungal spore
答案: 【 Hyphae  】

4、单选题：
‎In the process of anaerobic organic matter degradation, the methanogens provided the substrate for methanogens to grow and produce methane, while the methanogens relieved the high hydrogen partial pressure which inhibited the methanogens to produce hydrogen and acetic acid, so the degradation continued. These two make up __.‏
选项：
A: Antagonism     
B: Commensalism
C: Mutualism  
D: Symbiosis
答案: 【 Mutualism  】

5、单选题：
‎The earthy aroma of organic-rich soils and freshly plowed land is credited mainly due to __.‍
选项：
A: Actinomycetes 
B: Bacillus 
C: Agrobacterium  
D: Fungi
答案: 【 Actinomycetes 】

6、单选题：
‎Hyperthermophilic bacteria are mainly __.‌
选项：
A: Archaea 
B: Bacteria     
C: Fungi  
D: Actinomycetes
答案: 【 Archaea 】

7、单选题：
‏The water activity of most soils suitable for microbial life is __.‌
选项：
A: 0.5-0.6      
B: 0.7-0.8  
C: 0.8-0.9  
D: 0.9-1.0
答案: 【 0.9-1.0】

8、判断题：
‏The two groups exerting the greatest influence on soil processes are the protozoa and nematodes among microfauna.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
​Microbes that survive in extreme environments can also survive in ordinary conditions.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
‎There is a parasitism relationship between rumen microbes and ruminants.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

第三章测验

1、单选题：
​Who is the first scientist defining the term of “rhizosphere” ?​
选项：
A: Ted Turlings
B: Lorenz Hiltner
C: Harro J. Bouwmeester
D: van der Putten
答案: 【 Lorenz Hiltner】

2、单选题：
​Rhizosphere mainly includes  __.‌
选项：
A: Endorhizosphere
B: Ectorhizosphere
C: Rhizoplane
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】

3、单选题：
‎Rhizodepostion includes __.